World Solve

Known as Goldbach's Conjecture, this simple-sounding statement has been checked for enormous numbers without exception, but never formally proven true for all numbers. It remains one of the oldest unsolved problems in mathematics.

Prime numbers appear to follow patterns at large scales but seem random up close, and mathematicians still lack a full explanation for this behavior. Understanding it better could improve encryption methods that rely on primes.

This century-old conjecture predicts a hidden pattern in how prime numbers are distributed, but nobody has ever proven it true. A proof would deepen our understanding of numbers in ways that ripple into cryptography and physics.

Known as the P versus NP problem, this asks whether problems whose solutions are easy to verify are also easy to find in the first place. Answering it would reshape computer science, cryptography, and optimization overnight.

As AI systems increasingly influence what billions of people see, believe, and decide, someone is effectively choosing the values baked into those systems. There's no agreed process for who that someone should be, or how they should be held accountable.

Justice systems around the world vary wildly in how harshly they punish the same crimes, reflecting different beliefs about what punishment is actually for. Whether punishment should aim to rehabilitate, deter, or simply punish remains unresolved.

Different cultures, religions, and individuals define meaning and purpose in very different ways, with no way to prove one view more correct than another. This makes questions about how to live well deeply personal rather than settled.

Free expression is valued almost everywhere, but so is protection from harassment, incitement, and harmful misinformation, and these values often conflict directly. No universal line exists for where one right ends and the other begins.

As machines take over more jobs, some people may be unable to find meaningful paid work through no fault of their own. Whether society owes them support, and how much, remains a contested ethical and political question.

If AI systems ever become capable of something like suffering, we would have created that suffering deliberately, and we don't have a moral framework ready for that possibility. This question is likely to become urgent faster than expected.

Some countries and individuals consume vastly more resources than others, and there's no broadly accepted definition of what a fair share would even look like. This makes global cooperation on resource use difficult to justify to everyone involved.

Choices made now about climate, debt, and resource use will affect people who don't yet exist and have no voice in the decision. Philosophy hasn't settled how much weight their unheard interests should carry.

Advances in medicine keep pushing life expectancy higher, but there's no consensus on whether radically extending life is actually good for individuals or society. This question becomes more urgent as anti-aging research advances.

When an autonomous system makes a harmful choice, moral responsibility is hard to pin on any single party, the programmer, the company, or the AI itself. Ethics hasn't caught up with the reality of decisions made without direct human involvement.

Vaccine mandates, speed limits, and lockdown policies all raise the same underlying question of how much individual liberty should bend for collective benefit. Different people and cultures answer this very differently, with no clear resolution.

Factory farming, animal testing, and habitat destruction all cause animal suffering for human benefit, but there's no consistent ethical standard for how much suffering is acceptable and why. This gap shows up in inconsistent laws and practices worldwide.

Colonization, slavery, and resource extraction left lasting harm in many parts of the world, and debates over reparations or restitution remain unresolved almost everywhere they're raised. There's no broadly accepted framework for addressing this.

Gene editing could prevent serious diseases, but it also opens the door to selecting traits that have nothing to do with health. Society hasn't agreed on where prevention ends and something more troubling begins.

Climate change, inequality, and other large problems result from systems, not just individual choices, yet blame and responsibility are still often placed on individuals. How we think about this shapes both policy and personal guilt.

Surveillance can prevent crime and terrorism, but it also erodes personal freedom, and there's no consensus on where the right balance lies. Different societies draw this line in very different places.